The chronicle of stem cell research and development

1961 : Scientists James Till and Ernest McCullough of the University of Toronto in Canada published the discovery of hematopoietic stem cells in human bone marrow, which was then widely studied, but the focus at the time was on the treatment of various blood diseases with bone marrow transplants.

1970 : Alex Freidenstein, a scientist at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), found that transplanting the bone marrow of a rat into the kidneys of another rat with a similar line of rat, would have bone and cartilage tissue formed, confirming a long-held belief that the bone marrow contains some of the pre-secondary cells of the secondary layer of connective tissue in the bone marrow, in addition to hematoposomes.

1980 ：Professor Maureen Owen, of the University of Oxford, further discovered that in the in vitro culture of bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells were suspended cells and were not attached to the bottom of the petri dish, but there was another group of attached cells attached to the bottom of the petri vessel. She did an in-depth study of these attached cells and found that if culture continued, they would form a community of cells, which are bone cells. Her findings further confirm that the bone marrow contains not only hematopoietic stem cells, but may also contain other types of stem cells.

1990 : For the first time, Professor Arnold Caplan of Case Western Reserve University in the United States referred to this group of stem cells in the bone marrow that are not hematopoietic systems as：interstitial stem cells. In fact, interstitial stem cells are not a new term, as early as the 19th century literature has been used by scientists, but there is no clear and specific description of interstitial stem cells, so his contribution is to give the bone marrow this group of special stem cells a clear definition.

1999 ：In the authoritative American journal Science. It is pointed out that there is a special group of stem cells in human bone marrow, although the number is small, but the growth and differentiation of these interstitial stem cells is extremely excellent, can be multiplied in vitro. Since then, the mainstream scientific community believes that interstitial stem cells are mainly found in the human bone marrow and can differentiate into various tissue cells derived from the embryonic layer, including osteoblasts, cartilage cells, fat cells, muscle cells, etc.

2004 ：Physicians at the University of Karolinska in Sweden successfully treated GVHD for the first time with a patient's mother's allogeneic stem cell transplant, successfully treating an acute GVHD from a boy receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for leukemia.

2004 ：A 37-year-old woman who was paralysed by a car accident with a 10th thoracic fracture and spinal cord injury caused her lower limbs to undergo the first case of a paired heterogeneous umbilical cord blood interstitial stem cell transplant. After surgery, patients did get up and walk a few steps after 19 years of paralysis, and the preliminary findings have received much attention and widespread coverage in the world. However, the patient was unable to walk for several months after the stem cell transplant and was accompanied by unbearable pain. This lesson tells us that no clinical study can be advanced and that there must be sufficient preclinical scientific experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of innovative treatments.

2005 : Patients with acute stroke treated with the purification of myself bone marrow interstitial stem cells are then injected into the patient's body through intravenous injection. Although the clinical trial involved only five patients, the safety of the in vitro cultured interstitial stem cells was confirmed by intravenous injections, which is also the most important part of the clinical Phase I trial.

Allosome Interstitial Stem Cell Applications

Allosome interstitial stem cells can also be used in the treatment of orthopaedic diseases. Bone insufficiency is a congenital genetic disorder, commonly known as glass dolls. The bone tissue of these patients was unable to produce normal type 1 collagen, resulting in fragile bones and very vulnerable fractures, and doctors in the United States used a pairof interstitial stem cell transplant to treat bone insufficiency, with initial results. With the progress of zhou-infancy medicine, osteopathy in the precision of ultrasound examination, prenatal diagnosis is not difficult, with the technique of intrauterine transplantation, interstitial stem cell transplantation also for many glass dolls treatment brought a ray of light. Doctors in Sweden have reported cases in which this technique has been successfully used in clinical treatment.

In the area of trauma repair for bone tissue, doctors in the UK have begun clinical trials using protomybone interstitial stem cells for the repair and regeneration of joint cartilage, a technique that, if successful, could save many patients from arthritis. Arthritis is a very prevalent disease in an aging society, and many patients have to undergo artificial joint surgery because of the mobility problemcause of arthritis. And these arthritis is often associated with early cartilage damage, if the early stage of injury can be used in the body bone marrow interstitial stem cells for cartilage repair, promote cartilage regeneration, it is believed to delay the occurrence of arthritis.

In addition, doctors in Australia have begun clinical trials using an indoctic stem cell of the body bone marrow to help heal fractures. As we all know, not all fractures can be smoothly combined, in some cases, such as fractures too crushed, or open fractures combined infection caused by myelitis, more likely to lead to fractures do not fit. Clinically ill-treatment of fractures often has to "break down the east wall to make up the west wall", that is, to dig the less important part of the pelvic bone to fill the bone defect. If interthestystoplasm stem cells can be used to help regenerate bone tissue, the pain of digging into the tissue of the body's bones can be eliminated.

In summary, interstitial stem cells do offer new hope for the treatment of many diseases, and the 21st century is the century of regenerative medicine and cell therapy. However, as with advances in any other field of medicine, physicians and scientists must be cautious. Benefit patients and advance medicine.